Probiotic Effects of Bacillus subtilis on Growth Performance and Intestinal Microecological Balance of Growing-to-Finishing Pigs

The present study investigated the growth performance, immune status, gut morphology, and microflora modulation in growing-to-finishing pigs (n = 72; 24 pigs/group) after dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis; two groups (experiment 1 (E1) experiment 2 (E2): 63 98 days, respectively) control (Ct, basal diet). results revealed that both 1–98 d 1–63 significantly improved including an increase midtest body weight (MBW) P = 0.0114 , final (FBW) id="M2"> < 0.0001 average daily gain (ADG) id="M3"> a decrease ratio of feed to (F/G) id="M4"> . There was serum IgG SOD levels B. id="M5"> 0.0074 Furthermore, potentiated integrity intestinal morphology (villus height (VH) id="M6"> villus height/crypt depth (VH/CD) id="M7"> 0.0009 ) pigs. LEfSe analysis identified 11 13 biomarkers fecal samples group d, respectively. alterations growth-finishing suggested could promote health by altering relative abundances different bacterial communities. A correlation showed regulate functional network intestine their interactions its host. Taken together, had positive influence on health, composition microorganisms, suggesting can be used as probiotic candidate for application production Practical Applications. addition probiotics diet modulate improve digestibility nutrients, thus, help nutrient utilization performance It is one ideal substitutes antibiotics. This will us understand function regulation pig so provide scientific basis rational use future industry.